Loyalty to another person or to a cause may be an Essay Example For Students

Faithfulness to someone else or to a reason might be an Essay excellent characteristic, however it can prompt either positive or negative results. In Homers epic The Odyssey and John Steinbecks epic The Pearl there are characters that show extraordinary instances of this quality. Penelope in The Odyssey and Juana in The Pearl are the most self-evident, in spite of the fact that there are many. Penelope remained faithful to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year excursion and Juana remained by her better half through his season of pain. Penelope remained faithful to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year venture. To avert admirers that were enticing for her hand, she made them a guarantee that when she wrapped up a present for her dad, she would take one of their hands in marriage. Daily, unbeknownst to the admirers, she would disentangle her work, with the goal that she could stay devoted to Odysseus. Likewise, Penelope guaranteed her hand to the admirer who could meet a test. Penelopes test was to string Odysseus bow and afterward shoot a bolt through the eye of twelve hatchet handles. Penelope realized that no one but Odysseus could achieve this undertaking. By doing this, she abstained from wedding one of the admirers. Remaining faithful to Odysseus achieved positive results to Penelope. She was brought together with her dearest spouse Odysseus. Kinos spouse Juana remained by her significant other through his season of misery. Despite the fact that it was her conviction that the pearl was a sign of shrewdness, she dependably remained at her spouses side. Juana stayed faithful to Kino considerably after he had viciously beaten her. She realized that she had brought it upon herself and it was her place to acknowledge the beating. Additionally, Juana promised not to leave her spouses side when he chose to escape from the town subsequent to killing one of the townspeople. She made the slippery excursion with her better half over a desert attempting to surpass the men that sought after them. Negative results were the result of Juanas steadfastness to Kino. Her steadfastness made her lose such was normal and dear to her, including her lone kid. Reliability to someone else or to a reason might be an Essay excellent attribute, yet it can prompt either positive or negative results. Penelope remained faithful to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year excursion and Juana remained by her better half through his season of misery. Penelope would not remarry while Odysseus was on his long nonappearance, and Juana never left Kinos side. Steadfastness is a quality found in many people, and whenever utilized with some restraint can have constructive results. .

Therapy Dog Visits Cancer Patients at Cone Health Assignment

Treatment Dog Visits Cancer Patients at Cone Health - Assignment Example The patients have the chance to hold the pooch, which helps her to remember her canine pet that she left at home. Creature treatment is a point that has increased a great deal of consideration inside the contemporary subject about the human-creature relationship and how each gathering can profit. This news thing shows how close individuals and creatures can be and how the two species can commonly profit by each other. The explanation I picked this article is its suggestion to the desire for restoring the bond between individuals and creatures. As more individuals discover comfort in their local creatures, it turns out to be certain that it is conceivable to shape really close bonds that will maintain the pride of the two creatures and people. This brings a totally new picture not quite the same as one made by the utilization of creatures as test species that analysts use to build up a remedy for the human disease. Prior on, clinical specialists have utilized creatures to test for trial drugs, prompting the demise of numerous creatures. This article is connected to bringing creatures and individu als close, a significant point in the contemporary investigations.

10 Ways to Have More Confident Body Language

10 Ways to Have More Confident Body Language People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often have trouble feeling confident in interactions with others. However, you can boost your confidence by making sure that your body language conveys a positive message about yourself. Boost Your Self-Esteem With Your Body Language Even if you dont feel confident, practicing confident body language can increase your self-esteem and make you feel better about yourself. Below are ten tips to increase your confidence through body language. Make eye contact.  Appear confident by maintaining  eye contact in social interactions. Good eye contact shows others that you are interested and comfortable. Look the other person in the eye about 60% of the time. If direct eye contact feels too intimidating, start by looking at a spot close to the persons eyes.Lean forward. When you are in a conversation, leaning forward indicates interest and attention. While it can be tempting to maintain distance if you are socially anxious, doing so conveys the message that you are disinterested or aloof.Stand up straight. Dont slouch! Those with social anxiety tend to try and take up as little space as possible, which can mean sitting slumped over in a protective pose. Straighten your back, pull your shoulders away from your ears, and uncross your arms and legs.Keep your chin up. Do you look at the ground when you are walking? Is your head always down? Instead, walk with your head up and your eyes looking forward. It might feel unnatural at fi rst, but eventually, you will become used to this more confident pose.Dont fidget. Fidgeting is an obvious sign of anxiety and nervousness. Appear more confident by keeping fidgeting to a minimum. Nervous movements draw attention away from what you are saying and make it hard for others to focus on your message.Avoid your pockets. Though it can be tempting to shove your hands in your pockets, particularly if you are worried about them shaking, doing so makes you look more anxious and less confident. Keep your hands out of your pockets to look more self-assured.Slow your movements. Fast movements make you appear more anxious. Everything from hand gestures to your walking stride can make a difference; slow down and notice how you feel more confident.Take larger steps. As you slow down, try to take longer strides when you walk. Confident people take larger steps and walk with authority. Doing so will make you feel less anxious.Watch your hands. Be careful about touching your face or yo ur neck; both are indications that you feel anxious, nervous, or afraid. Confident people dont make these types of movements.Give a firm handshake. How is your handshake? A weak or limp handshake is an obvious sign of a lack of confidence, so work on making sure that you offer a firm hand when meeting others. After practice, it will come naturally. Still not sure you can muster up the confidence to change your body language? Remember that you dont have to feel confident to change your behavior. Although it might feel strange at first, acting in a confident way will eventually feel more natural and might even boost your self-esteem. If you really need convincing, have a look at yourself on video; your nervous habits and posture can be easily changed once you identify them. At the same time, working to reduce your anxiety through other means will also have a natural effect on reducing nervous behaviors. If you have not already been diagnosed with SAD, visit a healthcare professional to learn about your options. Crippling anxiety that impairs your ability to engage with others is not something that you have to live with. Both cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication have been proven effective in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.

Art Museum Report The J. Paul Getty Museum - 1713 Words

CRN 71523 - ONLINE Valeriia Baumgard Museum Report – The J. Paul Getty Museum Vincent van Gogh – Irises, 1889, oil on canvas Perhaps illness so influenced the artistic style of Van Gogh, but the picture turned out completely different to all that the artist wrote so far. This is not a Van Gogh, who was known. In the canvas, there is tension, anxiety, dense colors and warm shades of olive-mustard. On the contrary, here there is some kind of lightness, airiness, and transparent weightlessness. On the manner of execution, the pattern resembles Japanese prints: iris field full of peace, a lightness, and transparency. Irises are simple and unique, they are striking in their serenity and the ability to remove the internal stress of everyone who saw at least reproduction. Painting simply breathes watercolor, translucency and make to look at it more than one hour. In the painting Irises Van Gogh portrayed the part of the field, very often dotted with flowers. Here we see not only the iris, which gave the name of a masterpiece, but also other colors. Of course, the irises are central to the composition. There is no background, but warm soft shades of the earth depicted blurred stripes and a warming glow beds of flowers. That glow enters with a picture of the outside world and gives it visibility and tenderness. Using different shades of green, yellow and purple colors, he creates a real rhythm of lines properly attached in drawing completeness. Rich and gentle at the same timeShow MoreRelatedCultural Activity Report1002 Words   |  5 PagesActivity Report Student: Danny Franco Professor: Dr. Caren Stayer HUM 111 December 12, 2014 For my cultural event, I visited the J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California on Thursday, December 11, 2014. I had originally planned to visit the National Museum of Art and History in Washington D.C., but I found myself in Los Angeles due to the birth of my Grandson. 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Hired by the committee in 1908 to document the conditions faced by child laborers in the Carolina Piedmont, Hine snapped scenes that were meant to be hidden from the public, exposing child labor as a system that exploited children, robbingRead More Isabella d Este: Great Woman of the Renaissance Essay2585 Words   |  11 Pagesstation in the class system, women, were still considered the sinful daughter of Eve, the downfall of man. Into this world stepped Isabella d’Este, one of the great women of the Renaissance. Isabella d’Este left behind not only the great works of art that she collected and commissioned during her lifetime but a treasure trove â€Å"amounting to upwards of two thousand letters, which have fortunately been preserved.† Through these letters, scholars learn what kind of woman Isabella was, and what sheRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 PagesManager: Jim Overly Marketing Manager: Gretchen Swann Marketing Coordinator: Leigh T. 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Dr Paul Tosey, University of Surrey, UK The field of organization theory is extremely fragmented and there is no agreement concerning the underlying theoretical dimensions nor methodological approach to be employed. With the recognition of different approachesRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesJessica Perry Project Manager, Editorial Prod uction: Jennifer Risden Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Vernon Boes Print Buyer: Karen Hunt Permissions Editor: Isabel Alves Production Service: Newgen–Austin Text Designer: Stuart Paterson Photo Researcher: Gretchen Miller Copy Editor: Nancy Dickson Illustrator: Jade Myers; Newgen–India Cover Designer: Stuart Paterson Cover Image: Paul Chesley/Getty Images Cover Printer: Courier Corporation/Kendallville Compositor: Newgen–India Printer: Courier

The Government And Its Effects On The Minority Report By...

The government plays a major role in dystopic stories and novels, and as these stories start to unfold, one can see the flaws in which how government works and how if effects the rest of society. In the Minority Report, written by Philip K. Dick, the mechanisms of the government’s systems begins to show different flaws when surveillance is use to determine the pre-crime of major crimes, and what happens to their citizens once a verdict is reached. Any type of Government surveillance can do more harm than good, due to the fact they invade the privacy of the people, in some cases resulting in giving innocent people unfair and unlawful punishments, and also because it can fail to protect and create an aspect of fear among their citizens. In The Minority Report, Philip K. Dick creates a government that can make an arrest with the assumption that their suspect is guilty, without taking into consideration that there was a minority report, which is the chance that their suspect is innocent. The people of this society had begun to see how this system is corrupt, and the coming to the point of how, â€Å"If no arrests were made, there would still have been no crimes committed.† As people see the chances of innocent citizens being arrested for no crime, they begin to think, how many murders would actually take place, and how many people would be falsely accused. When the flaw of arresting innocent people is first drawn to attention, it is made clear that any person who had be given aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Philip K. Dick1915 Words   |  8 Pages2017 The author I have been studying is Philip K. Dick. He is an american author who was prominent in the 1950’s and 60’s. Several of his books have been turned into famous movies and he has a wide range of stories. Dick was a successful writer because of how much he wrote often writing more than fifty short stories in a year. DIck turned to drug use early in his career often taking acid and other psychedelic substances. 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Second, thanks to my professors and advisors at Drew University, Karen Brown, Jonathan Reader, and Roger ShinnRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and that forecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In addition

Flipping Burgers Free Essays

Five days out of the week, I walk into work. I put on my employee shirt, my apron, my visor, and I get to work. I have the pleasure of making a ton of pizzas for 8 hours straight, no I am not necessarily ‘fond’ of it, but I do it because it gets me by and pays my bills. We will write a custom essay sample on Flipping Burgers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sure I would love to be in some upscale restaurant, but I a least have a job, and I do not take it for granted. Many people would prefer to not have my job; it’s a minimum wage, fast pace, difficult customer environment. But it is an opportunity that is not beneath my dignity, so to that, I quote Charles J. Sykes, in his article called ‘Life rules for Teenagers, â€Å"Flipping Burgers in not beneath your dignity†. I could not agree more with him. Millions of United States workers are employed at a fast food restaurant. Many Americans are probably working in two or more of them at one time, just to get by. They also realize that flipping burgers isn’t below their dignity, having no job and living off of others should be below ones dignity. Every day I see people on the streets, begging for money. Yes, everyone has their reasons, but everyone is capable or picking their selves up and applying for jobs. You can always advance in the job you have, you gain experience, and once you have enough experience you can apply for higher jobs and get further up the chain. It just takes a bit of hard work in some low paying jobs. For many people, their first jobs are in a fast food place, and it is just a stepping stone. Many work their way through school and then once they graduate, they are able to find jobs in their degree. Others find that they love working in fast food and end up owning them or managing more than just one store. A lot of fast food restaurants offer benefits and are always giving the opportunity for raises, only good things come from hard work. You never know where you will go when you first start a minimum wage job, but you know it will all be worth it in the end. You are getting yourself somewhere, and can be proud of that. One of my first jobs was working at a Quizno’s, there I also had to wear an apron and visor, I was 16 when I first got that job and might I say it was one of the easiest jobs I have ever had. Back when I did not have any responsibilities and whatever money I earned, I just got to pocket it. All I had to do every day, was make sandwiches and run register. Half way through my shift I always got a free sandwich and at the end of the day we always got to take home cookies or left over bread. How could anyone take that for granted? I did. I hated working there, thought it was so hard and embarrassing making sandwiches for other people, but now I realize how crazy I was for thinking that way. The other day I was talking with some friends and telling them about the paper I had to write. I told them the rule I chose, and one of them piped up saying â€Å"it is definitely below my dignity! †; She lives at home with her parents, pays no bills, and doesn’t work. She is naive and obviously doesn’t have a clue of what it means to have an opportunity. There are so many other people who also think that way. They also do not appreciate what is just kind fully handed to them. Others work so hard to just have half of what they have. I wish there was a way to imprint into every ones minds, to appreciate what they have. So tomorrow, I shall go into work and put on my uniform and work hard, because I personally know that making pizzas is not all that I have in store for my life, I am working and paying my way through school and although I dread heading to work every day I know that I am helping my future and preparing myself for other difficult, low paying jobs further in life. No one should ever take a job for granted or be embarrassed for what they do; they should always look at it as an opportunity. How to cite Flipping Burgers, Essay examples

Flipping Burgers Free Essays

Five days out of the week, I walk into work. I put on my employee shirt, my apron, my visor, and I get to work. I have the pleasure of making a ton of pizzas for 8 hours straight, no I am not necessarily ‘fond’ of it, but I do it because it gets me by and pays my bills. We will write a custom essay sample on Flipping Burgers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sure I would love to be in some upscale restaurant, but I a least have a job, and I do not take it for granted. Many people would prefer to not have my job; it’s a minimum wage, fast pace, difficult customer environment. But it is an opportunity that is not beneath my dignity, so to that, I quote Charles J. Sykes, in his article called ‘Life rules for Teenagers, â€Å"Flipping Burgers in not beneath your dignity†. I could not agree more with him. Millions of United States workers are employed at a fast food restaurant. Many Americans are probably working in two or more of them at one time, just to get by. They also realize that flipping burgers isn’t below their dignity, having no job and living off of others should be below ones dignity. Every day I see people on the streets, begging for money. Yes, everyone has their reasons, but everyone is capable or picking their selves up and applying for jobs. You can always advance in the job you have, you gain experience, and once you have enough experience you can apply for higher jobs and get further up the chain. It just takes a bit of hard work in some low paying jobs. For many people, their first jobs are in a fast food place, and it is just a stepping stone. Many work their way through school and then once they graduate, they are able to find jobs in their degree. Others find that they love working in fast food and end up owning them or managing more than just one store. A lot of fast food restaurants offer benefits and are always giving the opportunity for raises, only good things come from hard work. You never know where you will go when you first start a minimum wage job, but you know it will all be worth it in the end. You are getting yourself somewhere, and can be proud of that. One of my first jobs was working at a Quizno’s, there I also had to wear an apron and visor, I was 16 when I first got that job and might I say it was one of the easiest jobs I have ever had. Back when I did not have any responsibilities and whatever money I earned, I just got to pocket it. All I had to do every day, was make sandwiches and run register. Half way through my shift I always got a free sandwich and at the end of the day we always got to take home cookies or left over bread. How could anyone take that for granted? I did. I hated working there, thought it was so hard and embarrassing making sandwiches for other people, but now I realize how crazy I was for thinking that way. The other day I was talking with some friends and telling them about the paper I had to write. I told them the rule I chose, and one of them piped up saying â€Å"it is definitely below my dignity! †; She lives at home with her parents, pays no bills, and doesn’t work. She is naive and obviously doesn’t have a clue of what it means to have an opportunity. There are so many other people who also think that way. They also do not appreciate what is just kind fully handed to them. Others work so hard to just have half of what they have. I wish there was a way to imprint into every ones minds, to appreciate what they have. So tomorrow, I shall go into work and put on my uniform and work hard, because I personally know that making pizzas is not all that I have in store for my life, I am working and paying my way through school and although I dread heading to work every day I know that I am helping my future and preparing myself for other difficult, low paying jobs further in life. No one should ever take a job for granted or be embarrassed for what they do; they should always look at it as an opportunity. How to cite Flipping Burgers, Essay examples

Breast feeding Essay Example For Students

Breast feeding Essay ?Breast FeedingTeaching Plan?Teaching PlanAssessment:Subjective Information: Mother is considering breast feeding as an option, but is unsure of methods and benefits in comparison to bottle feeding. Is unsure about herself and whether or not she will be able to perform necessary tasks required to breast feed successfully. Objective Information:Mother is 34 weeks pregnant, 20 years old, gravida one, para zero, previous smoker who quit after learning of pregnancy at two months. She works part time at a church and baby-sits occasionally, while attending college classes as a full time student. Clients Readiness and Ability to Learn:Mother is a high school graduate and also attended technical school where she learned to be a surgical technician. She is currently enrolled in more college classes and is hoping to further her education and become a Registered Nurse. Physical status is good, but mother is a little exhausted. Emotional status is that she is very ready for baby and excited about its arrival. Is ready for pregnancy to be over. Nursing Diagnosis1. Risk for ineffective breastfeeding related to anxiety and inexperience with breast feeding as evidenced by client showing signs of anxiety and stating that she is unsure about herself and her capability to performthe necessary tasks that are needed to be successful in breast feeding. Planning1. Learning ObjectivesA. Client will learn benefits of breast feeding as compared to bottle feeding. B. Client will learn different positions for breast feeding that may make the process easier for her. C. Client will learn proper methods for successful breast feeding. D. Client will be more sure of herself and be able to make the decisionof whether or not to breast feed, based on newly learned information. 2. Outline of Learning Content:1. Assess clients exposure to and knowledge about breast feeding, including any misinformation she may have previously acquired. Allow time for question and answer session about any concerns she may have. 2. Demonstrate to client various breast feeding positions and allow her to practice and try them using a life-like doll. Assist her, possibly withthe use of pillows, and help her to accomplish the individual positions. Continue with this until she is comfortable in performing all of thepositions, and has found at least one that she thinks will work well for her and is confident in executing. 3. Show client how to initiate her babys rooting reflex. Also show her the proper way for her baby to grasp her nipple and nurse successfully.inform the client of the consequences if this is not done successfully (ex.breast pain and insufficient amount of milk to the infant). 4. Advise client of feeding schedule for the new baby that is most beneficial for both the child and the mother. 5. Demonstrate for client the proper way to remove infant from the breast and advise her that this will prevent any pain or trauma to the nipple. 6. Tell client process of beginning feeding on next beast once first one isemptied. Instruct client to begin the next feeding on the breast that is opposite of the one she used to finish the last feeding. (This one should now be full and noticeably firmer than the other breast.)7. Provide instructions about proper nipple care (no soap, lanolin to prevent drying and cracking). 8. Instruct client importance of wearing a well fitting bra at all times as this may prevent a lot of pain and discomfort, and therefore probableunsuccessful breast feeding. Teaching Methods:1. Lecture2. Hands on learning using the doll3. Instructive and illustrated pamphlets about the importance of and processof breast feeding. .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c , .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .postImageUrl , .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c , .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:hover , .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:visited , .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:active { border:0!important; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:active , .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u462d492e6391d336acb85b9588c09b4c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Communism In The American Education System EssayMethod of Evaluation to be Used:1. Return demonstration from client demonstrating various positions and techniques. 2. Client will be able to verbally express the importance and benefits of breast feeding. 3. Client will be able to make a knowledgeable decision of whether or not tobreast feed. Implementing1. Teaching will occur in the privacy of the clients own home, as she has notyet went into labor. This is where the client states that she is most comfortable. 2. This teaching will take approximately one to one and a half hours to complete. Only one teaching session will be necessary. 3. The clients sister will be present to assist the client and provide support. The sister previously breast fed her children and

The Arguments and Debates of the Home Schooling System

Introduction and Claim Education systems continue to change within the global perspective. Technology and globalization have played crucial roles in initiating these changes. Home schooling is one of the key innovative techniques that have emerged. There are various benefits accrued to this system of schooling (Houston Toma 920).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Arguments and Debates of the Home Schooling System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, the system of home schooling remains highly debatable. Whilst the system has many supporters, there are also parties that highly oppose it. It is clear that being a new system; the concept is likely to face grievous challenges and opposition. Most authorities base their educational systems on transparent structures supported by legal government agencies. Evidently, this enables the ease of information transfer. Apart from this, monitoring of learning acti vities can be done from a focal point. Proper and effective organizational procedures are also observed within the public learning systems. These highlight some of the fundamental disparities between the new home schooling public schooling approaches. Despite these differences, many people presently prefer the home schooling strategy (Romanowski 79). Indicatively, information and communication technology, (ICT) has played a crucial role. Through application of relevant technology, most people can now access universal and advanced learning materials online. This process is independent and can even occur within very remote areas. This is a Rogerian essay exploiting the different arguments and debates about the home schooling system. Background Parents and other stakeholders are able to save a lot from the home schooling system. There are economic gains due to reduced costs associated with travelling, school levies, uniforms, and outside meals (Sweetland 8). Generally, the system allow s parents to increase on their savings while maximizing their monitoring techniques on the children. In this system, teachers, mentors or facilitators are hired as external consultant. This provides room for flexibility and adaption. Particularly, this benefit relates to the learner and the person offering knowledge.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dispensation is not limited or restricted to specific times or period. The learner and the facilitator are able to twist or manipulate the learning times in a way that satisfies their comfort and schedule. Most investigations indicate that the learning capacity of students within highly restricted public school systems might be compromised (Houston Toma 924). Normally, this occurs due to diverse factors. For instance, students might feel the systems are punitive and corrective. Therefore, home schooling offers the most suitable and comfor table environment for the academic development of learners. Generally, the benefits of home schooling are diverse, just like those of the public education systems. Proposition, Opposition, Strengths and Weaknesses Psychological investigations indicate the significance of guidance and counselling in enhancing a learner’s capacity. Specifically, this relates to counselling processes that might arise from close relatives such as parents. Most parents and guardians are more likely to enjoy. This is because they monitor their children as they learn through home schooling (Houston Toma 927). However, only the parents or guardians that work from home might live to experience such benefit. On the other hand, students receive support when completing their homework and other learning related activities. There are minimal instances of group psychology. Peer pressures common within public schooling systems are highly minimized. This is a positive factor since the students are able to le arn without disturbance from other peers. Evidently, peer influence and mob psychology have detrimental impacts in the level of performance of affected learners. Home schooling enables the learner to concentrate purely in talent development (Rivero 197). Through this system, the students do not have to learn other general courses or subjects that might not be of any help to them. Since, it is done at home, there is a high level of flexibility and the learners focus majorly on their strengths and areas of interest. Thus as indicated by most scholars, the system is ideal for the development of novelty, originality and innovation amongst learners. There are obvious economic merits of this system. These are applicable to both the learners, instructors and parents or guardians.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Arguments and Debates of the Home Schooling System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various facts have b een developed to oppose the home schooling system. According to some opposing sources, social aspects form fundamental recipe for healthy development. Learners must be socially exposed to accomplish complete wellbeing and experience the diversity of the world. The basic fact here is that when learners are enclosed into a confined room, they might develop unhealthy social tendencies. Therefore, home schooling limits the level of social integration and diversification. Enclosed learning systems have led to the development of weird individual characters and practices. Some of these learners have turned out to be introverts and psychopaths (Houston Toma 930). Exclusion of learners from the rest of the society leads to dangerous consequences. Notably, they develop minus interactive skills. This might affect their mode of reasoning and socialization with others. Normally, social exposure is critical for the development of an individual’s self-esteem. Most studies reveal that socia lly excluded learners remain naà ¯ve and incompetent. They are not able to express themselves within any public domain or forum (Rivero 197). Thus, it is clear that home schooling has negative impacts on the ability to nurture leader ship competencies amongst various learners. Largely, there is sense in explaining the impacts of social exclusion on leadership development. Other than this, the opponents have an important point in noting the effects of lack of adequate interaction for learners within the home schooling system. Nonetheless, there are other crucial reservations on this consideration. For example, an effective home schooling system must establish an adequate social forum for all its clients. Mostly, the learning process occurs in groups. This promotes sufficient socialization and exchange of potential ideas amongst these learners (Butler 44). This revelation highlights one of the weakest points for the opponents of the system. This is because systems vary and inclusion of social aspects might as well lead to effective learning. It is clear that the claims of the opponents are far much behind the merits associated with the system. Generally, the opponents base their claims on propositions that are not yet proved as facts in an empirical manner. Observably, there are also few investigations regarding the claimed disparities.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The debate on home schooling system of education is heavy. It is critical for stakeholders to base their arguments on empirically tested and sound principles. In this way, the admirers of this system might be able to evaluate their options in a rational manner. The government and other related authorities have a role in improving present education systems. Support is necessary within all systems to ensure that even the minority groups benefit. It is vivid that a remarkable number of people have adopted the home schooling system. Therefore, there is need for sufficient support to enhance the efficiency and outcome of the system. Collaborative action and sustained support are crucial elements in the propagation of this system. Works Cited Butler, Shery. â€Å"The â€Å"H† Word: Home Schooling.† Gifted Child Today, vol. 23, no. 5, 2000, p. 44. Houston, Robert G, and Eugenia F. Toma. â€Å"Home Schooling: An Alternative School Choice.† Southern Economic J ournal, vol. 69, no. 4, 2003, pp. 920-935. Rivero, Lisa. â€Å"Progressive Digressions: Home Schooling for Self-Actualization.† Roeper Review, vol. 24, no. 4,   2002, p. 197. Romanowski, Michael H. â€Å"Common Arguments about the Strengths and Limitations of Home Schooling.† The Clearing House, vol. 75, no. 2, 2001, p. 79. Sweetland, Scott R. â€Å"Theory into Practice: Free Markets and Public Schooling.† The Clearing House, vol. 76, no. 1, 2002, p. 8. This report on The Arguments and Debates of the Home Schooling System was written and submitted by user T0adMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

pyrotechnics essays

pyrotechnics essays Pyrotechnics is defined as the art of making and using fireworks. Some consider fireworks dangerous, obnoxious bursts of noise; others consider them beautiful, artful displays of light. Either way you look at it, pyrotechnics is an interesting and dangerous hobby. Many colors and designs may be created by the placement of different compounds in distinct areas of the fireworks, either projectile or stationary ones. Some of the many different colors of the visible spectrum that can be easily recreated are; yellow, orange, red, green, and blue. The shades of yellow and orange can be easily recreated by the use of sodium or calcium chlorate. Red is easily attainable by the burning of SrCl. The burning of BaCl creates a very bright green. The burning of copper chlorate creates the blues. It would be extremely easy if we could just place these in the fireworks and have them work, however, the emitting molecules, especially SrCl and BaCl, are so reactive that they cannot be packed directly into a firework. To generate them, we need pyrotechnic compositions designed to generate the above molecules, to evaporate them into the flame and to keep them at as high temperature as possible to achieve maximum light output. To get good colors, there must be substantial amounts of emitters present in the flame. The emitters are not alone: in order to achieve the high temperature, a fuel - oxidizer system i s also needed, as well as some additional ingredients. The colors of aerial fireworks come invariably from stars, small pellets of firework composition that contain all the necessary ingredients for generating colored light or other special effects. They may be as tiny as peas or as large as strawberries. A typical red star might contain Potassium perchlorate, 67% by weight In order to launch these beautiful displays into the sky, one m ...

Ethics and Accountability In Forensic Mental Health Essay

Ethics and Accountability In Forensic Mental Health - Essay Example He was violent with a nurse when she tried to give him an injection. He does not want to sleep for fear that he will be harmed. Wayne also abuses drugs (primarily marijuana) which seems to increase his paranoia. No treatment should be provided against the patients will, unless withholding treatment would endanger the life of the patient and/or of those who surrounded him or her. Treatment must always be in the best interest of the patient (As cited in Steinert et al., 2005, p. 635). In Waynes case, withholding treatment both for medicine and mental health has exacerbated his paranoia and his behaviour. In this case, it is ethically correct to give him the medication against his will in order to stop him from causing harm to himself or others. To put Wayne into the hospital, the police or the hospital would have had to use informed consent with him. In other words, they would need to be aware of Waynes privacy and they would have had to follow the principles of beneficence and malfeasance (do no harm) (American Mental Health Counsellors Association (AMHCA) Code of Ethics). Also, they must tell Wayne what is going to happen to him, how they will use any information received and the type of treatment he can expect. Since Wayne is an adult and he does not want his family to be contacted, under the law and under ethics they cannot tell his family. This may go against what the health practitioners think but it would be important to honour his wishes. Wayne appears delusional. According to his account, he has magic spells being put on him by witches. He states that the police took him to the hospital. He sees himself as a victim of this situation, and sees all those around him as his enemies. According to his account, his actions are due to his anticipation of how others are going to treat him or are currently treating him. Howe (2008) states that clinicians must tell patients the truth about their conditions no matter what

Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theory - Term Paper Example This paper will examine EBP and identify theories that affect nursing interventions and implications in primary care nursing and also highlight some of its drawbacks. The use of EBP in healthcare setting differs from conducting research. This is because in clinical settings, EBP aims at implementing the latest evidence provided by research to guide patient care towards the best achievable outcomes. A prominent characteristic of EBP is that it encourages the cultivation of the spirit of inquiry, which basically questions existing of conventional practices. Through enquiry, practitioners of primary care nursing can challenge the conventional practices and create room for changes and improvements (Yoder-Wise, 2012). For instance, clinical questions designed in the PICOT format (they deal with patient population, the issue, comparison population, outcome and time involved) are crucial in establishing the most relevant search procedures that yield quality information in the least time possible. Then, before it is implemented or integrated, the information (or evidence) is critically appraised to ensure it is valid, reliable and applicable. The signifi cance of critically appraising evidence can best be understood from the perspective of increasing professional and public need for accountability in quality improvement and safety in primary care nursing (Yoder-Wise, 2012). This is even more pronounced by the fact that preventable harm is usually caused by key deficits in conventional practices that often go unquestioned. Decision making in EBP entails integrating knowledge and experience gained through an individual’s expertise, research evidence and client preferences in the perspective of available resources (Berwick, 2009). Therefore, decision making in EBP is a prescriptive approach towards how choices are made and is founded on ideas of improving theories so that they can be useful and relevant in

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Causes and Effects

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Causes and Effects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, also known as PTSD, is one of the most widespread, costly, and least understood of the many anxiety disorders. PTSD is a neurotic condition that is linked to stressors of traumatic events. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is normally a delayed response to the unpleasant effects of extreme events of a catastrophic nature (Rumyantseva Stepanov, 2008). Many people with this disorder experience a strong sensation of fear and may also feel of helpless. These feelings disturb the person’s perception of their own security (Dieperink, 2005). There has been interest for more than a century in the psychological and behavioral effects of trauma. However, the empirical research in this area is only about twenty-years old (Roy-Byrne, 2002). In this paper I will review three empirically supported articles simultaneously in effort to better describe how to diagnose this disease, manage its effects, and treat the patients. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder causes clinically significant severe emotional states in social, professional, or other important aspects of life. The diagnosis of PTSD requires the occurrence of a traumatic incident, so it is reasonable to suggest that the stressor, its duration, and its meaning should have considerable influences on the occurrence and clinical features of the long-term psychopathological response. It is important to establish the ordinary clinical features and differences of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder due to the different stressors. This is vital not only in the theoretical aspects, but also in the practical aspects (Rumyantseva Stepanov, 2008). Dieperink suggests the options to treat patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder could include exposure therapy, group psychotherapy, inpatient therapy, and individual therapy, among other. However, not everyone with PTSD would be a candidate for exposure therapy, although it is often considered an initial treatment for people with PTSD (Dieperink, 2005). According to Roy-Byrne, studies have not looked into the possible medications outside of benzodiazepines neuroleptics. None of the prior studies examined the differences between treatments within large mental health networks (Roy-Byrne, 2002). There have been relatively well researched studies in exposure therapy a number of medications. These studies have been found to be extremely effective in the treatment patients. However, it has been difficult to find a single therapy to be consistently successful for patients with PTSD. Dieperink says that the Food and Drug Administration has only approved two medications for the treatm ent of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Sertraline and Paroxetine. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line medication for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. To Better understand what constitutes effective treatment for patients with PTSD, one must take the first step to determine what is being done in PTSD studies at this time (Dieperink, 2005). The following is a study regarding workers in the Chernobyl disaster that were diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Rumyantseva and Stepanov studied the cases of a group of sixty-six patients regarding their involvement in combat actions and working in the post-Chernobyl atomic energy station clean-up. The test used several diagnostic methods including, structured clinical interviews, clinical PTSD diagnostic scales, and Gorovits scales for the self-evaluation of traumatic events. Thirty of the subjects were involved in combat actions and the other thirty-three were clean-up workers. The mean ages of the patients were 27  ± 2.8 years for the combatants and 43.7  ± 4.5 years for the clean-up workers. Combatant patients had incomplete higher education and corresponding training for military action. Most clean-up workers had higher education, though some had some mid-level specialist education. They were observed for 5 to 6 years and again 15 to 17 years after involvement in the stress situations. After 5–6 years after Chernobyl, the combatants had rare (1–2 times per month) episode s of minimal or moderate, controllable levels of distress in situations that reminded them of the event. Emphasis was placed on the features of the stress situations in both groups. Combatants had directly experienced a fear of being killed or wounded, horror of capture, torture, and humiliation. They were involved in battle and special operations and they had witnessed the deaths of many of their peers. Most combatants spent around six months in military action zones. The result was exceeded the individual’s exceeded their ability to cope. They were confronted with constant vigilance, perceptions of a hostile environment, and the need to make rapid responses to sources of threat. A completely different type of stress occurred in Chernobyl clean-up workers who had to deal with can be considered a prolonged traumatic event. The social-psychological consequences of this disaster were observed for 19 years. The catastrophe was an extraordinary event, the first of its type in hum an experience. As a result, Chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was diagnosed in all the patients studied. When combatants were presented with real threats, flashbacks were seen. These flashbacks were mainly in â€Å"hypngagogic/hypnopompic states† or when they were intoxicated with alcohol. These flashbacks were of moderate intensity. Patients were able to maintain partial control of their actions by sustaining a link with the outside world. In their dreams, combatants saw many people that were unable to protect themselves, being captured, shooting, detonations, and others. They would often state that they were being surrounded and that the enemies were close. In the dreams, they would fire back with their guns but the bullets would come out of the barrel in slow motion. Also, the bullets did not fly or seem to come out of the barrel and fall. The patients considered these dreams as nightmarish. When they woke up, they struggled to get back to sleep. Many of the patients that were seeking medical help preferred to use alcohol to help them sleep. There were signs indicating difficu lties in concentrating or even maintaining minimal levels of attention in several combatants and virtually all clean-up workers. At the psychological level, most members of this group experienced increased symptoms and depression with feelings of fear, guilt, despair, impotence, hopelessness, and grief. The patients lacked trust in the help and treatment proposed for them, including psychotherapeutic treatment. They thought treatment was impossible and their condition was irreversible. Most people ultimately characterized themselves by the passive-aggressive social role of a victim. The main principle at the core of the treatment of patients with PTSD is the ability to recognize the priority of psychotherapy and the use of antidepressants with primarily anxiolytic effects and minimal side effects in small doses. Psychotherapy included a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches. Therapies used included psychological debriefing for individuals, evidence-based psychotherapy; cognitive behavioral therapy as a disclosure treatment and progressive desensitization, which must be done individually for patients of this group. There was a particular curiosity in the use of Coaxil in patients Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It is associated with the establishment of its ability to change the neuroendocrine response to stress. It can prevent stress-induced behavioral and cognitive insufficiency in animals and corrects the responses of stress, not only weakening the stress-induced changes in the hypothalamus, but also assisting in the reversal of those changes. Preclinical and preliminary clinical data have shown evidence that Coaxil can be effective in the treatment of the specific and nonspecific symptoms of PTSD (Rumyantseva Stepanov, 2008). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very complicated disease. Although scientists have come a long way in diagnosing and treating PTSD, it is clear that much more research may be needed to fully treat these patients. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is extremely widespread and has become very expensive to treat and manage. Ideally, we should be taking steps toward relieving the experience of fear and helpless in those affected with this disorder. It is reasonable to assume that patients with PTSD can be rehabilitated and live normal lives without the stressors associated with this condition. My reaction to writing this paper is a mixed one. I was a bit overwhelmed with the notion of having to read a published article in an area that I am unfamiliar with. However, after spending some time dissecting each one, I have developed and appreciation for the well written ones. These articles are very dense in information for their size and a lot can be learned from reading them. There are others that were a bit difficult to read and left me wanting to know more information than what was given. However, I learned a great deal from this assignment. I have a new appreciation for the complexities of this disorder and I have enjoyed reading the articles. References Rumyantseva, GM Stepanov, AL (2008). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Different Types of Stress (clinical features and treatment). Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 38, No. 1. Dieperink, Erbes, Leskela, Kaloupek (2005). Comparison of Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Three Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Military Medicine. Volume 170. Ray-Byrne, MD (2000). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 4.

Ted Bundy & terror

Ted Bundy was a terror for girls and women in 1970’s. He was a serial killer and a rapist who is believed to have ruthlessly murdered more than 20 girls from 1974-1979. Theodore Robert Cowell was born on November 24, 1946 to Eleanor Louise Cowell in a Vermont residential home for unwed mothers.His grandparents were introduced to him as his parents and his mother as his elder sister since she was unmarried. â€Å"Some, perhaps searching for some cause to Bundy's future actions, feel that Bundy's grandfather, Sam, may actually have fathered Ted out of an incestious relationship with Eleanor.The resulting confusion was the only known possbile truama in the young boy's life† (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS). Eleanor married Johnnie Bundy on May 19, 1951 and Theodore Robert Cowell adopted Bundy as his last name. Bundy did not have any unpleasant experience in his childhood (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS). By the time of his graduation Bundy had b ecome a stealer. He met his love Stephanie Brooks during his studies at the University of Washington. Even though love blossomed in their relationship it was not long that the couple broke off.â€Å"Bundy's lack of confidence and tendency toward manipulation had ruined the relationship† (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS). Many of his victims are said to resemble Brooks who had a major impact on him. Bundy returned to his birthplace in 1969 and discovered the facts about his mother. He returned to the University of Washington. Another woman Liz Kendall entered his life and filled it with love. He had everything in his life by 1973- a degree in psychology, a loving partner and an impressive job with the Washington State Republican Party (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS).Bundy became a brutal murderer by the end of 1973. He killed a number of girls in Washington. His first victim was 15 year old Kathy Devine. He abducted her on November 25, 1973 in a gre en pick-up and her body was recovered on December 6. Joni Lenz, his next victim, however was not killed though she suffered from brain damage and internal organ injuries. Lynda Ann Healy was abducted from her home on February 1, 1974 and never seen again. His next victims were Donna Manson, Susan Rancourt, Kathy Parks, Brenda Ball, Georgean Hawkins, Brenda Baker.All girls aged 15-19 years and Bundy followed a similar course of events in killing them- abduction and killing. Bundy carried on his inhuman routine and killed Janice Ott and Denise Naslund on July 14 at Lake Sammamish State Park. This time police could figure out a sketch and name Ted (though suspected to be unreal at first) of the criminal with the help of the people around (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† SERIAL KILLER IN WASHINGTON). Bundy went to Utah after killing about 11 young girls in Washington. He carried on his fury in Utah and claimed his first victim 16 year old Nancy Wilcox on October 2, 1974.Bundy raped, h it and murdered Melissa Smith and Laurie Aimee both 17 year old teenagers later in the month. He then tried to kidnap Carol DeRonch but she was lucky to escape. He was however successful in abducting another girl, Debbie Kent, later in the day who was not lucky like DeRonch. His next victims were Caryn Campbell, Julie Cunningham, Denise Oliverson, Melanie Cooley, Lynette Culver, Susan Curtis, Shelley Robertson, Nancy Baird and Debbie Smith. Most of the girls’ bodies were not recovered and those recovered were mostly nude and severely injured (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BUNDY GOES TO UTAH).Bob Haywood, Utah Highway Patrol Officer, suspected a VW in Granger, Utah and tried to have a look into it. The driver drove the vehicle away but was caught soon by Haywood. Driver was identified as Ted Bundy and officer found several doubtful things in his car like burglary tools, a mask made of panty hose, an icepick, and handcuffs. Bundy had come under police scanner and they tried to figure out his link with the abduction of DeRonch. DeRonch could not identify Bundy but a teacher at school from where Kent disappeared identified him. He was held in relation to DeRonch attack.Deronch later identified him and he was sent to jail for 1-15 years. He was then tried for the murder of Caryn Campbell. Police found her hair in Bundy’s VW. Bundy was defending himself in the case and while on the visit to the courthouse law library on June 7, 1977 escaped jumping from a two storey window. He was arrested again after 6 days of freedom. â€Å"On December 30, 1977, he hacked his way through an old welded light fixture in his cell ceiling and crawled through to a deputies living quarters, put on some civilian clothes and walked out.He made his way to Vail, Colorado, took a bus to Denver, and boarded a plane to Chicago. † He finally fled to Florida (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† ARREST†¦ AND ESCAPE). Bundy could not resist his killer temptation for lon g and attacked 4 girls on the night of January 14, 1978- Lisa Levy, Margaret Bowman, Karen Chandler, and Kathy Kleiner. Two of them were killed and other two survived. He also claimed the life of Cheryl Thomas the same night. All of the girls were ruthlessly beaten, raped and strangled. He abducted and killed another girl Kimberly Ann Leach on February 9 Feb 2008.He stole VW again to escape but was soon arrested after some struggle and attempted fleeing (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† ON THE RUN IN FLORIDA). Bundy was tried for the murders in Florida and convicted on July 23. â€Å"the bite marks on Levy's buttock and Nita Neary's eyewitness identification were too much to be overcome. Five days late the penalty phase began. Character witnesses were called by both sides including Mary Louise Bundy for the defense† (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† LAST DAYS). On July 31 the verdict of death sentence came Bundy’s way.The state of Florida tried Bundy for Leachâ€℠¢s murder and he was again convicted and sentenced to death. Bundy married Carol Ann Boone in the court who later gave birth to his daughter in October 1982. Bundy never admitted defeat and tried till end to escape his death sentence. Bundy’s death sentence was executed on January 24, 1989. He was electrocuted and declared dead at 7:16 am (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† LAST DAYS). Fig. 1 (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† LAST DAYS). Works Cited â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy. † tedbundy. 150m. com. 22 July, 2008

Using an example of an organisation, identify how the change in legislation was implemented and evaluate the impact of this on the service delivery

Our role as social workers is one of an empowering nature; we are or should be committed to equality and re-establishing equal power bases. Promotion of independence is fundamental to our role, for this reason I have decided to look at the implementation of the Direct Payments scheme, for disabled people; brought in under the Community Care (direct Payments) Act 1996. This was brought in as legislation, because of disabled peoples pressure groups, and in order to give disabled people further ‘independence and choice' (Abbot, D (2003)) further to this the Disabled Children Act 2000 extended the access to Direct Payments to 16 – 17 year old disabled people. Within this paper I will analyse the role of social services departments for disabled people before and after the implementation. In analysis I will identify issues that have arisen from this change in relation to the organisation of social services, the social workers and service users, analysing issues of interpretation, and cultural change. The legislation empowered local authorities to set up ‘Direct Payment' Schemes for disabled people that are entitled to community care services, under the community care act but discretion was given to local authorities on how to implement it. (Community Care, (1999) sept, 8th). Because of this discretion the take up and the manner of take up to the scheme differed which resulted in very little movement for a number of years. Husler (no date given) states ‘this legislation is permissive, which means councils can not ignore it, but they have discretions on how to implement it' (Ibid). This lack of guidance to implementation led to discrepancies in the implementation of the Direct Payments scheme Prior to the implementation of the direct payments scheme, the role of social services was to assess the needs and risks of the disabled person, and through this process of assessment seek to minimise or control risk and elevate need. This was done through the provision of services directly controlled or distributed from central government of local social services departments. We see in this situation the relationship of power was one of retention by the social worker within a culture of ‘Role' and ‘task' rather than person. Although many would argue with this point and state the cultural work base of this time was one of a ‘person' culture as defined by Burnes (2000)p.164), where the service users needs and wishes are prominent with the minimisation of the structural highrachy base. Handy (1986) would disagree with this notion and further argues that western organisations work predominantly from a role or task orientated cultural work base. This is evident in many of the recently published documents on working practices and guidelines on legislation interpretation, such as the ‘Working Together Document 2000 and the Assessment Framework 2000. Further, if look back to the development of the social services and the then Charity Organisation Society (COS) founded in 1869 we see evidence of similar practice in relation to current assessment of needs. This was also done by a COS worker who made judgements based on his of her knowledge, this is clearly an earlier form of means testing (Glasby & Littlechild (2002)). From this assessment a payment was given to the person or which then was referred to as ‘relief.' This was technically abolished in 1834; it continued to be paid in practice well into the twentieth centaury, as a range of complex measures for the support of the poor as unemployment soared (Thane. P (1996). The Poor Law was finally abolished in 1948 putting an end to payments to the poor by social services departments, and replaced by a national scheme for the payment of social security benefits and the provision of welfare services to the elderly and the Disabled. This allowed the practitioner to distance themselves from cash payments and the stigma of poverty, further this led to as Becker (1993) states ‘practitioners having little poverty awareness (p93) and further viewing money problems as being the problem of other agencies (Davies & Wainwright (1997) quoted in Glasby & Littlechild p 61) This desire for the social work profession to distance it self from the nineteenth centaury roots has, resulted in the resistance to the implementation of the Direct Payment Schemes. Although the Direct Payment Scheme is very different from the early payments made by the COS and earlier forms of social services departments. This resistance has been from the shop floor social workers to MPs such as Virgina Bottomly, who wrote to the MP introducing the Private members bill prior to its introduction to legalise direct payments â€Å"Social services legislation is concerned with†¦.services and not with direct payments which is the province of the social security system† (Quoted In Hatchett W, (1991): pp 14 – 15). Governmental ideology for the implementation of the Direct Payments scheme was to reflect the principles of participation, inclusion and equality through offering choice and independence. Because of the lack of clear guidance on interpretation this agenda has been misinterpreted and further resulted in the slow take up of the scheme. Roles and procedures have changed in departments which require operational changes, and a further shift in the approach to the concept of risk and control (Dawson (2000) quoted in Carmichael & Brown (2002) p.804) The involvement in service users lives by social workers has shifted away form one of assessment and the in house provision of services, to one of assessment and the provision of monies to purpose individual care form the quasi market place. This can be tailored to meet the individual needs and life of a person, rather than the one ‘size fits all' attitude of previous service provision (Glasby & Littlechild (2002)) this is in comparison to earlier payments being made by the Independent Living Fund indirectly through third parties (Brindle, D. (2000)) further key points to the misinterpretation and slow take up of the scheme is due to the ambiguous wording of the legislations guidance the ‘willing and able criteria' (Clark & Spafford (2002)) this point argues the service users must be able to ‘choose' direct payments, problems such as ability the to choose have arisen from this guidance as well as to whom the allocation of payment should be made. Who should have control over the money? Is a question the local authorities have struggled with when assessing people with severe disabilities and people with mental incapacitates. Authorities have taken this grey area of the legislation and effectively excluded people with mental incapacities because of the legal implications which resulted in the rejecting of an application. Further to this councils have adopted a top down model in which local disability organisations are not closely enough involved within. This bureaucratic model is arguably necessary because of the complexity of the system, the workforce need clearly structured role, responsibilities and lines of command for effectiveness (Coulshed & Mullender (2001)) this is for the purposes of accountability and stability in the system (Ibid).although this can restrict professional autonomy and offer further resistance to change (Aldridge (1996) quoted in Coulshed & Mullender, p 31) With the implementation of this scheme, there was a shift away from the old system of social worker control to that of user control, which social workers saw as a danger and who have voiced concerns of â€Å"vulnerable people managing their own services and whether it is right to risk such payments' (Snell, J. (2000)). This is clear indication as Cyert & March (1963) state ‘confusion over how political constraints on policy make a rationalist approach to decision making impossible (quoted in Burnes. B (2000)) This has led to social workers becoming uncertain as to what is needed from them, because of the role and responsibility change, as well as the cultural change in the departments, which has further left social workers feeling disempowered. Power and control is reduced from the social worker, and rebalanced with the service user, social workers have seen this as a perceived loss of their identity and status. (Clark & Spafford (2002) p 252) Confusion and lack of participation in the planning stages of the delivery of services has left social workers resenting the direct payments scheme, this has further led to slow take up and slow information distribution to service users. Etienne d'Abouuville (1999) states the schemes are floundering because local authorities are using social workers to advice on direct payments, rather than Disabled peoples organisations which can provide peer support. This is further evidence in the change of role change in the role of the care manager Glasby & Littlecihild (2002) argue workload implications and the low ratio of staff is a strong and potential barrier to the independence of disabled people. Mullins (1993) comments on this and states ‘commitment and cooperation to organisational goals will depend on how these are perceived to be in their own interests'. If we look at this in the context of the social worker who has been giving advice to the service user on, employers' responsibility, obligations and legal ramifications without training and on top of their ‘normal' workload we see why social workers are feeling stressed. Further too this reluctant to work in with the scheme (Hosler (1999)). Social worker having little involvement in the change has led to this resistance; this is perpetuated with the burdening of further responsibility on the worker. Mullender and Coulshed argue ‘where structures are going through change this is adapted to more quickly where there are open lines of communication and decentralised structures. If we analyse the impact of the organisational change to the service user we see a clear recondition of the social model of disability which as Oliver argues ‘It is not people impairments which limit people's ability to participate in society and to exercise their rights, but the organisation of society it self which causes the disability† (Quoted in Stainton, T. (2002) p 752) This social model articulates not how to find a way of compensating for the natural disadvantage, but how society can accommodate a range of differences (Ibid). Service users have stated they have rights and autonomy furthering the ability to be recognised as full citizens (Stainton, T (2002)). Many disabled people prior to the introduction of the Direct Payments Scheme were given little or no choice in relation to who provided the care, and to what extent. This was reflective of the funding structures and mechanisms of the social services departments (Statinton, T (1998)), here the departments or the family would access and commission the service, which resulted on many occasions being put on a waiting list. In this analysis we see little or no choice or control on the part of the service recipient, and further if criteria for service were not met then no service was offered. This coupled with resource constraints and tightly specified service contracts can together restrict the remits and activities of services (Glendininig, C, (2000)) With the new system the service user retains overall control on who to commission to carry out the work and for what period of time, the service user defines what needs are to be met and to what extent. A shift away from the social worker led assessment. With a recondition of the Disabled person's rights the Direct Payments Scheme also brought with it the responsibility of being an employer and with that obligation to contractual agreements. This could be seen as a potential barrier, but many disabled people have commented, â€Å"All the stress is worth having control of your own care† (Clark and Spafford (2002)) In conclusion we see how the change has resulted in a cultural change within the social services departments and further a shift away from the ethos of the social worker as the expert. This is welcomed by Disability groups who have campaigned for the Direct Payments Scheme, but resented by those whose job's it has affected with added workload and change in role. Change is a natural occurrence and some would argue inevitable to human evaluation, it is about recognising where sociality shortfalls are and actively seeking to rectify them. As with a majority of pieces of legislation they are based on social justice principles, but interpretation results in oppression and discrimination

A Study On The Biology Course Essay - 720 Words

The results of the experiment vary from what is reported by previous studies (Curry, 2013, Enattah et al., 2002, Tishkoff, 2007). The experiment was conducted on students currently in the Biology 225 course in Schenectady, NY. The class was primarily composed of individuals whom are descendants of Europe. Therefore, an assumption was made that by in large, the percentage of lactase persistent in the class that was expected was going to be near 95% (Curry, 2013). However, such a high percentage was not found. Of the class, only 49.3% of individuals were determined to possess a genotype that results in a phenotype of lactase persistence. Conversely, 40.8% of the class was found to carry the genotype lct/lct which results in the phenotype of lactase non-persistence. Therefore, the results are nearly 50% off from what we expected initially. This could be for numerous reasons, but perhaps the assumption should not have been made. 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